Fastener selection usually starts with product shape. Bolts are commonly used with nuts or threaded holes, while studs are threaded rods used for flanges and heavy assemblies.

Screws are often driven directly into tapped parts or prepared holes. Nuts provide the mating thread for bolted joints.

Washers distribute load, protect surfaces or provide locking behavior depending on design. Selecting the right combination is as important as choosing the right material grade.